{"id":2588,"date":"2024-07-29T12:25:56","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T09:25:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/?p=896"},"modified":"2026-03-17T14:03:36","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T14:03:36","slug":"kondansator-nedir-ve-kondansator-analizi-nasil-yapilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/kondansator-nedir-ve-kondansator-analizi-nasil-yapilir\/","title":{"rendered":"Kondansat\u00f6r Nedir ve Kondansat\u00f6r Analizi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn Tarih\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Elektrik konusunun geli\u015fmesi 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda statik (durgun) elektri\u011fin incelenmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Statik elektri\u011fin bir ip boyunca iletilebilmesi, elektrik y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn temasla payla\u015f\u0131labilmesi ve depolanabilmesi \u00f6zellikleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1745 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ewald Georg von Kleist elektri\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck metal bir \u015fi\u015fede depolamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn as\u0131l geli\u015fmesi, Leiden&#8217;de elektrik \u00fczerinde deneyler yapan Pieter van Musschenbroek&#8217;in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Musschenbroek bir rastlant\u0131 sonucu Kleist&#8217;in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frular nitelikte sonu\u00e7lara eri\u015fti. Musschenbroek i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131 metalle kapl\u0131 cam bir \u015fi\u015fe tasarlad\u0131. \u015ei\u015fenin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 suyla doldurulmu\u015f ve a\u011fz\u0131 hava &#8211; s\u0131v\u0131 ge\u00e7irmeyecek \u015fekilde mantarla t\u0131kanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mantar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en iletken, bir ucu \u015fi\u015fenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ucu suyun i\u00e7inde olacak \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. \u0130letkene statik elektrik \u00fcreteci temas etti\u011finde Leiden \u015fi\u015fesi y\u00fck depolamakta, elektri\u011fi ileten ba\u015fka bir malzeme temas etti\u011finde bo\u015falmaktayd\u0131. Bu \u015fi\u015feler ayn\u0131 zamanda ilk kondansat\u00f6rlerdi. Bu nedenle, \u015fu anda Farad olan kapasite birimi ilk zamanlarda <strong>jar (\u015fi\u015fe)<\/strong> olarak kabul edilmi\u015fti. Bu birim bug\u00fcn 1 nF kapasiteye tekab\u00fcl eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Denemeler sonucunda metal kaplamalar aras\u0131ndaki cam inceldik\u00e7e yay\u0131lan k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zlendi. Leyden \u015fi\u015fesinde depolanan y\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferler alabiliyordu ve birbirine tellerle ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f \u015fi\u015felerden bo\u015falan elektri\u011fin hayvanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilece\u011fi g\u00f6zlenmi\u015fti. Bu ilgin\u00e7 alet Ewald J\u00fcrgen Georg von Kleist&#8217;\u0131n ke\u015ffi, Pieter van Musschenbroek&#8217;in geli\u015ftirmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Amerikal\u0131 devlet adam\u0131 ve bilimci Benjamin Franklin, cam yal\u0131tkan\u0131n Leyden \u015fi\u015fesinden farkl\u0131 olarak oval de\u011fil d\u00fczlemsel olmas\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 i\u015flevi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bulmu\u015f, Franklin&#8217;in d\u00fczlemsel cam yal\u0131tkanl\u0131 kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcne Franklin D\u00fczlemleri ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Ard\u0131ndan Alessandro Volta ve Nikola Tesla gibi bir\u00e7ok bilim adam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan incelenen kondansat\u00f6r geli\u015ftirilerek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u015feklini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kondansat\u00f6rler ismini, \u0130talyanca <em>condensatore<\/em> kelimesinden al\u0131r. Kapasite birimi ise jar&#8217;dan sonra, \u0130ngiliz bilim adam\u0131&nbsp;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/evrimagaci.org\/michael-faraday-kimdir-ne-yapmistir-kendi-agzindan-yasam-oykusu-11080\">Michael Faraday<\/a>&#8216;\u0131n isminden hareketle Farad se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Kondansat\u00f6r Nedir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6r, elektronlar\u0131n kutuplan\u0131p elektriksel y\u00fck\u00fc elektrik alan\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde depolayabilme \u00f6zelliklerinden faydalan\u0131larak bir yal\u0131tkan malzemenin iki metal tabaka aras\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmesiyle olu\u015fturulan temel elektrik ve elektronik devre eleman\u0131d\u0131r. Elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc depolama,&nbsp;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apolloiot.com\/enerji\/elektrik-faturasi-uzerinden-reaktif-guc-nasil-hesaplanir\"><strong>reaktif g\u00fc\u00e7 kontrol\u00fc<\/strong><\/a>, bilgi kayb\u0131 engelleme, AC\/DC aras\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yapmada kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve t\u00fcm entegre elektronik devrelerin vazge\u00e7ilmez eleman\u0131d\u0131r. Kondansat\u00f6rlerin karakteristikleri olarak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Plakalar aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan yal\u0131tkan\u0131n cinsi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve dayanma gerilimleri,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Depolayabildikleri y\u00fck miktar\u0131 say\u0131labilir.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu kriterler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulduktan sonra gereksinime uygun olan kondansat\u00f6r tercih edilir. Kondansat\u00f6rlerin fiziksel b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gerilimleri ve depolayabilecekleri y\u00fck miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Tasar\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise \u00e7e\u015fitlilik boldur, hemen hemen her boyut ve \u015fekilde kondansat\u00f6r temin edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6rler kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ve kullan\u0131lan devre tiplerine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerde dielektrik malzemelerden \u00fcretilirler. Elektronik devreler i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok seramik, mika, elektrolitik, caml\u0131, tantalyum katk\u0131l\u0131 vs. gibi dielektrik malzemelerden \u00fcretildikleri gibi elektrik g\u00fc\u00e7 devrelerinde daha \u00e7ok polypropylene filmden imal edilirler.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Kondansat\u00f6rlerin Kullan\u0131m Alan\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6rler; elektriksel y\u00fck\u00fc depolamada, <strong>reaktif g\u00fc\u00e7 kontrol\u00fcnde<\/strong>, AC-DC d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnde, filtreleme i\u015flemlerinde ve bilgi kayb\u0131 engellemede kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Elektronik devrelerde ve entegrelerde vazge\u00e7ilmez bir bile\u015fendir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6zetle, kondansat\u00f6rlerin t\u00fcm elektrik ve elektronik devrelerde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn Matematiksel Analizi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6rler, elektrik y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc yal\u0131tkan malzemesinin i\u00e7erisinde elektrik alan\u0131 olarak depolar. Kapasite, bir kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn y\u00fck depolayabilme yetene\u011fi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r ve birimi (Michael Faraday&#8217;\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na) Farad&#8217; olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Uluslararas\u0131 MKS birim sisteminde1 Farad, u\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131na 1 Volt gerilim uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1 Coulomb = 6,275*10<sup>28<\/sup> tane elektron depolayabilen kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn kapasitesine e\u015fittir. Matematiksel formdaki ifadesi ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_852a658439.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Farad \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fer oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in uygulamada Farad biriminin alt katlar\u0131 daha yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kapasite de\u011feri metal tabakalar\u0131n alan\u0131na ve yal\u0131tkan malzemenin dielektrik katsay\u0131s\u0131 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131, metaller aras\u0131 uzakl\u0131k ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_ffb28f2f13.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_55aaf249f5.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_78f57396c7.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kapasite, bir kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn bir y\u00fck\u00fc ne kadar besleyebilece\u011finin de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr, kapasite de\u011feri artt\u0131k\u00e7a kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn y\u00fck\u00fc besleyebilece\u011fi s\u00fcre de artar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn Zaman Domeninde Analizi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bilindi\u011fi gibi t\u00fcm pasif elemanlar\u0131n zaman ve frekans domenlerinde analizinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 hem devre analizi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hem de uygulamalarda kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Onun i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn zaman domenindeki analizini k\u0131sa ve \u00f6z bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131p, her zaman duydu\u011fumuz ama nedenini bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc tam olarak anlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z olay\u0131 yani kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn AC ve DC gerilimde neden farkl\u0131 tepki verdi\u011fini \u00e7ok basit bir \u015fekilde anlatm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn zaman domenindeki ak\u0131m form\u00fcl\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_66e41e57ee.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu matematiksel ifadenin pratikte iki adet ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bilindi\u011fi gibi matematiksel anlamda t\u00fcrev bir de\u011fi\u015fimi ifade etmektedir. Haliyle kondansat\u00f6r ak\u0131m form\u00fcl\u00fcnde bulunan dVc\/dt ifadesi kondasat\u00f6rden ak\u0131m ge\u00e7ebilmesinin tek \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n gerilimin zamana g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fimi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Yani kondansat\u00f6r u\u00e7lar\u0131na uygulanan gerilim zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015firse kondansat\u00f6rde, kondasat\u00f6r kapasitesine yani C\u2019 ye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bir ak\u0131m ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olur. Bu da kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn neden DC gerilimde enerji depolad\u0131ktan sonra ak\u0131m ge\u00e7i\u015fine m\u00fcsaade etmedi\u011fini \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc DC gerilimde, gerilimin zamana g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fimi sabittir. Yani DC\u2019 de gerilimin zamanla de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131 0\u2019d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yine matematiksel form\u00fclden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kondansat\u00f6r u\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki gerilim de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 olursa kondansat\u00f6r ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferler alaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu duruma elektrik m\u00fchendisli\u011finin uygulama sahas\u0131nda darbe ak\u0131m\u0131 ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Bir kondansat\u00f6re enerji verildi\u011fi ilk zamanda u\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki gerilim \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde kaynak gerilimine e\u015fit olacakt\u0131r. Bu da gerilimin zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 olan de\u011fi\u015fimini maksimuma g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fi i\u00e7in kondansat\u00f6rden muazzam b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir ak\u0131m akmas\u0131na neden olur.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn zaman domenindeki gerilim form\u00fcl\u00fc ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ifade edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_c06aac20bd.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn Frekans Domeninde Analizi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn ak\u0131m ve gerilim ifadeleri, e\u011fer sin\u00fcsoidal bir kayna\u011fa ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015fsa frekans domeninde yaz\u0131labilir. Frekans domeni hesaplamalar\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle de t\u00fcrev ifadesinin yok edilmesi analiz a\u015famalar\u0131nda \u00e7ok kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in ise faz\u00f6r y\u00f6ntemini kullan\u0131l\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_2c94b171f2.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_dedcc1f86f.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Buradan gerekli komplex i\u015flemler yap\u0131l\u0131rsa a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ifade elde edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_d309b0a7d2.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn DC Sistemdeki Analizi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6r bir DC kayna\u011f\u0131na (\u00f6rne\u011fin pil) ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda elektron baz\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen olaylar \u015f\u00f6yledir;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn pilin (-) ucuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ucu, pilin \u00fcretti\u011fi elektronlar\u0131 kabul eder ve kendine \u00e7eker.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn pilin (+) ucuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ucu, elektronlar\u0131n\u0131 pile do\u011fru verir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_83106147a0.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u00e7inde y\u00fck bar\u0131nd\u0131rmayan bir kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 an\u0131 gerilimi 0V\u2019dur. Bu kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn ucuna do\u011fru gerilimi uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman devrede olu\u015fan gerilim fark\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ifade edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_42d82c9ce2.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaman\u0131n sonsuza do\u011fru gitti\u011fi varsay\u0131l\u0131rsa, kondansat\u00f6r kayna\u011f\u0131n de\u011ferinde bir DC kaynak haline gelir. Yeterli zaman ge\u00e7tikten sonra Vc(\u221e) = v haline gelir ve devrede olu\u015fan gerilim fark\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_b7a31e0bbd.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>DC kaynak, kondansat\u00f6r ve lamba e\u011fer seri olarak ba\u011flan\u0131rsa, empedans de\u011ferine g\u00f6re devreden bir ak\u0131m akmaya ba\u015flar, bu ak\u0131m\u0131n alabilece\u011fi en y\u00fcksek de\u011ferdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hen\u00fcz kondansat\u00f6r kutuplanmaz ve gerilim biriktirmez. DC kayna\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 bir kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn karakteristi\u011fine g\u00f6re kutuplanmaya ba\u015flayan kondansat\u00f6r, ters ba\u011fl\u0131 bir DC kaynak gibi davran\u0131r ve lamban\u0131n u\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki net gerilimin d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olur. Lamban\u0131n parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal logaritmik olarak azal\u0131r. Kondansat\u00f6r kutuplanmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, devrenin net gerilimi s\u0131f\u0131r olur ve lamba tamamen s\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gerilimine uygun de\u011ferde bir DC gerilime tabi tutulmas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir. Anma gerilim de\u011ferinin \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir gerilime tabi tutulan plakalar aras\u0131ndaki yal\u0131tkan malzeme deforme olur ve \u00fczerinden ak\u0131m ka\u00e7\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. Bu ka\u00e7ak ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fcrse kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn kapasitesine g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fen bir patlama ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc gerilim fark\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde olan kondansat\u00f6r direnci olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr, bu da ak\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn AC Sistemdeki Analizi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn DC ak\u0131ma g\u00f6re davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, AC ak\u0131mda de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir. AC ak\u0131m, gerilim ve ak\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn belli bir frekansa g\u00f6re y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi elektrik enerjisidir. Gerilimin y\u00f6n\u00fc ve genli\u011fi s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finden kondansat\u00f6rde depolanan elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc ve u\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki gerilim de s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7indedir. Kondansat\u00f6r dolup bo\u015falma hareketini frekans s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Kondansat\u00f6r ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunan bir AC devrede, ak\u0131m bir s\u00fcre sonra kesilmez. Sonu\u00e7 olarak: AC devredeki kondansat\u00f6r, ak\u0131m ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir engel olu\u015fturmaz, ancak bir diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir denilebilir. Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu dirence <strong>Kapasitif Reaktans<\/strong> denir. Kapasitif reaktans, Xc ile g\u00f6sterilir, birimi diren\u00e7le ayn\u0131 olup Ohm&#8217;dur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/strapi.apolloiot.com\/uploads\/image_61bf488ba1.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ifadeden hareketle kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn Xc kapasitif reaktans\u0131n\u0131n; C kapasitesi ve f frekans\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn kapasitesi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma frekans\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a kapasitif reaktans\u0131, di\u011fer bir deyimle direnci azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn AC ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu diren\u00e7, resistif (omik &#8211; saf diren\u00e7) diren\u00e7ten farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Saf diren\u00e7te gerilim fark\u0131 ile ak\u0131m aras\u0131nda diren\u00e7 de\u011feri kadar bir oran olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kondansat\u00f6r ve end\u00fcktans gibi de\u011fi\u015fken ifadelere sahip elemanlar\u0131n dahil oldu\u011fu bir devrede bu oran de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondsat\u00f6r\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu bir AC elektrik devresinde devreye uygulanan gerilim devreden ge\u00e7en ak\u0131ma g\u00f6re elektriksel olarak geridedir veya ba\u015fka bir ifade ile kondansat\u00f6r bulunan bir devrede devreden ge\u00e7en ak\u0131m devreye uygulanan gerilimden elektriksel olarak ileridedir. Bu ileri veya geri kavram\u0131 elektriksel anlamda a\u00e7\u0131sal bir kavram oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 belirtilen ileri veya geri ifadeleri de elektriksel a\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fczleminde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6r her ne kadar diren\u00e7 gibi pasif, yani kontrols\u00fcz elemanlardan da olsa dirence g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ta\u015f\u0131r. Matematiksel ifadesi diren\u00e7 gibi do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fildir, t\u00fcrev ifadesi i\u00e7erir. Kondansat\u00f6r ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n akmas\u0131, zaman domeni ifadesinden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn u\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki gerilimin de\u011fi\u015fmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Alternatif ak\u0131mda kaynak gerilimi s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fir, kondansat\u00f6re uygulanan gerilim de\u011feri de de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frar. Bu da kondansat\u00f6rden s\u00fcrekli ak\u0131m ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6r AC ak\u0131m\u0131n ge\u00e7mesini engellemez. Diren\u00e7 eleman\u0131 gibi olmasa da ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 bir tepki g\u00f6sterir, diren\u00e7 uygular. Omik diren\u00e7ten farkl\u0131 olarak ak\u0131m\u0131n hem de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr, hem de faz\u0131n\u0131n gerilime g\u00f6re kaymas\u0131na neden olur. Kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn AC gerilime kar\u015f\u0131 koyma e\u015fde\u011ferine kapasitif reaktans ad\u0131 verilir. Kapasitif reaktans, kaynak frekans\u0131 ve kondansat\u00f6r kapasitesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Frekans ve kapasite y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e reaktans d\u00fc\u015fer. Reaktans\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Empedansta diren\u00e7 etkisinin artmas\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Faz\u00f6r diyagram\u0131nda sanal k\u0131sm\u0131n k\u0131sal\u0131p empedans\u0131n dirence yani ger\u00e7el k\u0131sma do\u011fru yakla\u015fmas\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Faz fark\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi, ak\u0131m ve gerilim faz\u00f6rlerinin birbirine yakla\u015fmas\u0131 anlamlar\u0131na gelir. Reaktans\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi ise bu s\u0131ralananlara ters y\u00f6nde etki yapar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Empedans diyagram\u0131 incelendi\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ki, kapasitif y\u00fcklerde empedans\u0131n sanal k\u0131sm\u0131 negatif, direncin y\u00f6n\u00fc s\u00fcrekli pozitif y\u00f6nde olur. Reaktans negatif y\u00f6nde oldu\u011fundan bu iki faz\u00f6r\u00fcn bile\u015fiminin a\u00e7\u0131 de\u011feri negatif \u00e7\u0131kar. Empedans\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kapasitif y\u00fcklerde negatif de\u011fer al\u0131r ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ak\u0131m faz\u00f6r\u00fc gerilim faz\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnden ilerler. Kondansat\u00f6r, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak dolup bo\u015falma hareketi yapar, belli bir yerde kaynak ak\u0131m\u0131 kesilirse kondansat\u00f6r depolam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u00fckleri devreye verir ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcre de olsa ak\u0131m ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flar. Yani ak\u0131m faz\u00f6r\u00fc gerilim faz\u00f6r\u00fcnden ilerdedir denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondansat\u00f6r reaktif g\u00fc\u00e7 depolayan bir elemand\u0131r. Reaktif g\u00fc\u00e7 i\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmemesine ra\u011fmen motorlar end\u00fcktif ve bobin yap\u0131s\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir manyetik alana ve reaktif g\u00fcce ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar, end\u00fcktif devrelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken reaktif g\u00fc\u00e7 de kondansat\u00f6rlerden kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Ancak \u015febeke durumundan bakarsak reaktif g\u00fcc\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7tan fazla bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n istenmeyen bir durum oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in&nbsp;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apolloiot.com\/enerji\/kompanzasyon-nedir-ve-nasil-hesaplanir\"><strong>kompanzasyon<\/strong><\/a><strong> yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/strong> ve <strong>reaktif g\u00fcc\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi<\/strong> yoluna gidilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apolloiot.com\/\"><strong>Apollo IoT<\/strong><\/a> ile kompanzasyon takibi hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar kolay!&nbsp;T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk ve tek&nbsp;<strong>yapay zek\u00e2 destekli<\/strong> yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile alt yap\u0131 donan\u0131m maliyeti olmadan ve kolay kullan\u0131c\u0131 ara y\u00fcz\u00fc ile tesisinizin enerji maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, enerji verimlili\u011finizi art\u0131rmak ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ad\u0131mlar atmak i\u00e7in siz de Apollo\u2019yu&nbsp;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apolloiot.com\/uye-ol\">\u015fimdi deneyin!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Bu konular da ilginizi \u00e7ekebilir:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apolloiot.com\/enerji\/kompanzasyon-cezasi-bilinmesi-gerekenler-ve-onleme-yollari\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kompanzasyon Cezas\u0131 Nedir ve Nas\u0131l \u00d6nlenir?<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apolloiot.com\/enerji\/otomatik-sayac-okuma-sistemi-osos-enerji-yoenetiminde-devrim-yaratan-teknoloji\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Otomatik Saya\u00e7 Okuma Sistemi (OSOS): Enerji Y\u00f6netiminde Devrim Yaratan Teknoloji<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apolloiot.com\/enerji\/reaktif-guc-nasil-hesaplanir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reaktif G\u00fc\u00e7 Nedir ve Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r?<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Kondansat\u00f6r Nedir ve Kondansat\u00f6r Analizi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r&#8221; adl\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131zda reaktif g\u00fc\u00e7 kontrol\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc olan kondansat\u00f6rlerin ne oldu\u011fundan bahsettik.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":897,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy-efficiency"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2588"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5827,"href":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2588\/revisions\/5827"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apollo.eco\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}